Alternating oe pulsating current motoe



(No Model.) 6 Sheets--Sheet 1.

L. GUTMANN. AL'TERNATING 0R PULSATING CURRENT MOTOR.

No. 463,314. Patented Nov. 17,1891.

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(No Model.) 6 SheetS-Sheet 2.

L. GUTMANN. ALTERNATING 0R PULSATING CURRENT MOTOR.

No. 463,314. Patented Nov. 17, 1891.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

L. GUTMANN. ALTERNATING 0R PULSATING CURRENT MOTOR.

No. 463,314. Patented Nov. 17,1891.

jnvenior By his fliiorney, W/%

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4;

L, GUTMANN. ALTERNATING 0R PULSATING CURRENT MOTOR. No. 463,314. Patented Nov. 17. 1891.

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L. GUTMANN.

ALTERNATING 0R PULSATING CURRENT MOTOR.

No. 463,314. v Patented Nov. 17,1891.

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Patented Nov. 17, 1891.

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UNITED STATES I LUDIVIG GUTMANN, OF

PATENT OFFICE.

PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

ALTERNATING OR PULSATING CURRENT MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 463,314, dated November 17, 1891.

Application filed April 7,1890. Serial No. 17,008. (No model.)

T0 (0% whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LUDWIG GUTMANN, a subject of the German Emperor, and a resident of Pittsburg, county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternating, Pulsating, or Intermittent Electric-Current Motors, (Case 38,) of which the following is a specification.

This electric motor has for its object to transmit bya single exciting source electrical into mechanical energy, and is especially designed to work with alternating or intermittent currents.

In a former application, Serial No. 298,720, for electric motors I have shown and described l1ow an armature having closed circuits can be continually revolved by main taining it in an unstable electric field. The armature-coils are closed upon themselves in the former application, and the field-magnet has both primary and secondary coils, which latter are intermittently closed by means therein described. As the multiple induced poles were not always directly opposite the inducing-poles'a periodical closing and opening of a second circuit was desirable, which necessitated said commutator.

The present invention is an improvement upon the former, inasmuch as the rotation is obtained without a commutator for the fieldmagnet coils.

A second part of the invention consists in providing means, such as a commutator and brushes, for maintaining a fractional number of coils of the armature closed, or, rather,short-- circuited, inducing currents in such coils by the primary exciting-coils and reacting upon the said currents by the secondary excitingcoils.

Fig ure-l shows two motors in circuitwith a generator, the two motors being modifications of each other. Fig. 1 shows, on an enlarged scale, a portion of Fig. 1, so as to indicate the armature-windings clearly in motor A. Fig. 1 shows the same as Fig. 1 regard- Fig. 2 is a similar View to Fig. 1, where there are also two modified motors. Fig. 3 is a side view of an armature which may be employed in Fig. a. Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional shape of the ring of the armature, being circular. Fig. 4 shows a modification of connecting the field-magnet coils in circuit. 5 and 6 show, respectively, motors of my invention in work-circuits. In the former they are in direct circuit with the generator A and in the latter in circuit with a secondary circuit from the converter II. Means, such as circuit-closers, for cutting out both poles of each motor are provided. Figs. 7, S, 1.0, 17, 17, and 18 are side elevations of motors, partly in diagram, and of their colnmutators, respectively, where the armature-coils, if of the closed type, are successively included in one or more closed subcircuits, as shown in Figs. 7, 8, 10, and 17, or else coils are successivelyincluded in one or more groups in which each single coil is closed upon itself by the band or block brush it the armature is either of the closed or open type, as shown in Fig. 18 and especially in Fig. 17, while the secondary field-magnet poles are also employed. Fig. 7 shows the armature windings in Fig. 7 clearly on an enlarged scale. Fig. 8 shows the same in regard to the armat'ure-windings in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 shows the same in reference to the armaturewindings in Fig. 10. Fig. 9 shows that it is not absolutely necessary in this construction that the poles should be placed at unequal distances around the armature, as in Figs. 7, S, and 10. Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 1-1 are views having reference to the field-magnet, being constructed in two independent parts, and whose pole-pieces are at different angles measured in a circle around the armatureaxis. Fig. 11 is an elevation of the exterior. Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 11 at right angles thereto. Fig. 13 is a vertical sec tion with the coils omitted. Figfla shows the field-magnets by themselves and placed in the same plane. The circuits and electrical connection appear in this figure. Figs. 15 and 16 show means of regulation. Figs. 17,17, and 18 show modified brush construction for open or closed coil armatures. Fig. 17 shows clearly the armature-windings of Fig. 17.

Fig. 1 shows two motors, partially in diagram, connected up in circuit with an alternating electric-current generator. The two motors are A and 1), respectively. The one is a modification as to armature-circuit connections of the other.

The winding in Fig. 1 at motor B consists of two totally independent windings, whose short circuits are made alternately at sixty degrees apart. This would give an improved form of importance. The short-circuiting conductor may be any conductor having a desired ohmic or inductive resistance.

Fig.2 isasimilar View to Fig. 1, the motors being C and D, the armature being omitted in the latter, and each being a modification as to circuit connections of the other and of the motors A and B.

Fig. 1 represents two four-pole lnotors A and B, having two alternately-placed field electro-magnets c in circuit with the generator A and each other. The connections and windings are such that the field-magnets develop poles of opposite polarity. The intermediate pole-pieces E are provided with independent windings F, each of which windings is closed upon itself, as in motor A; or the windings may be electrically connected. The closed circuited armature-winding G is short-circuited at intervals by conductors A, as in motor B. The conductors A may be of any resistance, or else are coils having a certain amount of inductive resistance.

The action that takes place is as follows: The inducing field-electro-magnets establish a field of alternating polarity which induces secondary currents in the armature-winding G. The induced currents develop poles in the armature which, if the coils or windings F were omitted, would place themselves in a maximum magnetic field where they would come to rest when the armature arrives at a stable magnetic equilibrium. It is the purpose of these secondary exciting or reacting coils to prevent the armature from placing itself in equilibrium by influencing the field induced by the primary currents and fieldmagnet poles. As the primary current falls to zero the secondary currents in armature and field-magnet poles arrive at their maximum. The poles developed by the secondary field-magnet poles place the armature in instability, causing it to rotate.

Fig. 2 shows a field-magnet of motor 0 with eight fieldmagnets, four of which are lettered O and are used for the inducing field, and intermediate magnets F are provided with secondary and independent windings or coils F", closed upon themselves.

In motor D, Fig. 2, the coils G are in the primary circuit, as before, while the coils F are in the secondary circuit of a converter F. The principle of operation is the same as in preceding figures.

In Fig. 4 the coils c are in circuit with the dynamo A, as before, while the secondary coils F are in circuit with secondary coils F", which are on the same cores E with the coils c. The coils F and F are in series circuit with one another. The armature in Fig. 3 is provided with any number of rings or coils,

each closed upon itself, and the same may be' substituted in Figs. 1 and 2 for the short-circuited arinatures there shown, with similar but much weaker and less decided result.

In Figs. 7, 8, and 10 the closed-coil arma 'ture is represented typically by the commutator or terminal plates (1, rotary with the armature, and brushes 6 are provided to include successive coils in one or more closed sub-circuits in such a manner that while a part of the winding has a given current passing those coils connected by the brush carry heavier currents, and while some coils are released from the circuit of heavy current-flow by virtue of the rotation of the armature, other ones are included. The brushes espan or bridge some of the commutator-plates (l. The circuits of the field-coils are similar to those set forth in Fig. 4, except that one coil F and one coil F are in series, while the remaining coils F and F" are similarly in series. In Figs. 8 and 10 these circuits are similar to those in Fig. 4, except that the direction of winding is different. In Fig. 8 it is such that commencing at the top the poles of the field-magnets in order around the armature are s outh, north, north, south during any one impulse, while in Fig. 10 the order is, under the same circumstances, north, north, south, south.

A striking feature in Figs. 7, 8, and 10, and important one in relation to efficiency, is the fact that the secondary exciting or reacting poles are so located that their poles are unequally distant from the primary exciting-poles. poles may be equally distant from each other, as shown in Fig. 9, where E represents the latter and E the former. In this case the armature may rotate in eitherdirection, while in Figs. 7, S, and 10 it will rotate, in one direction with, increased power for the same energy expended. Further, it will be noticed that in Fig. 7 the cross-section of the secondary field-poles is much smaller than that of the energizing-magnets, and the purpose is to reduce the self-induction and the lag of the current in the secondary circuit. One of the brushes 6 may be omitted. \Vhen both are used,they are preferably stationary and diametrically opposite each other and spanning those terminals not directly opposite either the primary poles E or secondary poles E, but rather short-circuiting those coils lying between the primary and secondary poles. lVith thebrushes fixed in one position this motor will start from a state of rest, and has a speed independently of the number of alternations and poles.

In Figs. 11, 12, 13,and 14 the device consists of the combination of insulated laminated plates g, havinginwardly-projecting pole-pieces and grouped together so that about half the polepieces E are together and the other half E are together at aposition of forty-five, sixty, ninety, or any other suitable number of degrees distant, and all the plates lie flat against one another and are bolted together as by bolts h. The armature G islocated centrally The primary and secondary with respect to the pole-pieces. The outside plates 9 have legs On and around onehalf the plates g and only between the polepieces E are wound two parallel conductors, the one primary and in circuit with the dynamo A" and the other F" secondary and in circuit with the secondary F, which is wound upon the other half of the plates g, between the pole-pieces E. The primary coils arelettered c, as before.

The motor may be regulated by varying the number of active primary or secondary coils, or both. This may be done in any wellknown manner, or as shown in Figs. 15 and 16. cl are the terminals of the subdivided coils, and d are switch-plates, whose function is to include certain coils in circuit with the external generator, whose terminals are 0.

The form shown in Fig. 16 is given in form of a diagram. It permits of grouping the coils in series or in parallel, but also permits of reversing one or more coils of any one or more field electr0-magnets,which latterform of strengthening or weakening of a field is preferred where quick changes are requiredas, for instance, in tram-car work.

In Fig. 17 the two brushes close the greater number of sub-coils upon themselves, while at the same time they produce one or more other closed circuits of far less self-inductive capacity by closing a small number of subcoils upon themselves, completing their circuits through both brushes e.

In Figs. 17 and 18 the commutator-segments which form the terminals of armature subdivsions are to represent either armatures of closed or open winding. For both armature types the brush or block 6 is constructed so as to close two or more neighboring sub-coils each upon itself. Generally the brushes are stationary while the armature and commutator are revolving; but it is evident that this condition may be reversed. In Fig. 18 the condition is similar to that of Fig. 17 The elastic conducting-band e is endless, passing around the fixed insulating-posts m, and pressing upon several of the armature-coil terminals in which currents are induced by the primary exciting coils. The various brush forms shown, as e, e, and 6, can be substituted for one another with similar results, especially in closed-coil armatures. The armature starts automatically in each form described and rotates with power, which may be employed for useful purposes.

Fig. 1 shows in detail the construction of the armature in motor A, which is shown to be a ring having alternate portions of its winding G permanently closed on itself by conductors H. The armature of motor B is shown in detail in Fig. 1 It consists of a ring F, having two separate windings G and G, 'each of which is similar to that of Fig. 1, and while one is divided into groups by a wire 11, indicated by a straight line, the other forms groups in a similar manner by wire II, the close-circuiting wire being distinguished by a spiral form, the ohmic or inductive resistance of which is adapted to retard the flow of current.

7 shows in diagram the armature of Fig. 7. It is an ordinary drum-wound closed armaturewhose windings are G and terminals d.-

' Fig. 8 shows a drum-armature whose core F is provided with projections F, and the winding G is placed in well-known manner in the recesses.

Fig. 10 showsin diagram the armature for Fig. 10, which is of the Pacinotti ring type.

Fig. 17 shows the armature in detail of Fig. 17. It has its coils G and G wound around the core projections or teeth F, which are of an odd number. To reduce sparking at the commutator, the segments are made a multiple of the coils by subdividing them in two or more parts. In this case the coils G and G are shown divided into two parts as a connection from the middle of each coil is brought to a commutator-segment d. The armature of Fig. 2 may be similar to that of Figs. 1 and 1 or may have a multiple of closed circuited coils of an even or odd number.

I claim as my invention 1. In an electric motor, the combination, with field-magnet coils in a single excitingcircuit, of secondary field-magnet coils placed at an angle to the former and an armature inclosed by both sets of electro-magnets and provided with one or more closed windings, each containing an odd numberof closed circuits.

2. In an electric-motor system, the combination, with a single exciting source of alternating, pulsating, or intermittent currents, of an armature whose subdivided winding is closed upon itself and subdivisions connected in closed sub-circuits, one set of field electromagnets in circuit with said source, and another set of secondary field electro-magnet-s, both sets of magnets externally inclosing said armature.

3. An electro-dynamic motor consisting of an armature provided with coils connected in sub-circuits and two pairs of external magnet-cores inclosing said armature, provided with independent windings, one of said windings being connected to a single energizing source, the other forming a secondary circuit to the former.

4. In an electro-dynamie motor, the combination, with an armature provided with low resistance and closed conductors, of a fieldmagnet system in inductive proximity, consisting of energizingcoils mounted on one set of field-magnetpoles,modifying-coils mounted on a second set of intermediate field-magnet poles, and means for varying the length of one or both sets of field-magnet coils.

5. In an electric motor, the combination of an armature whose coils are included in two or more closed sub-circuits, one set of field electro-magnets whose coils are connected to a generating source, and a second set of field electro-magnets an gularly displaced and having its coils included in a different circuit with regard to the former.

6. In an electric motor, the combination of one or more field electro-magnets and an armature provided with one or more closed windings, each containing a number of permanently-closed sub-circuits.

7. In an electric motor, the combination of one or more exciting field electro-magnets in circuit With a suitable generator, an armature Whose subdivisions or coils are successively each closed upon itself, and a second set of field electro-magnets reacting on the armature, for the purpose described.

8. An alternating-current motor comprising primary and secondary field electro-magnets, an armatu re whose winding is subdivided and provided With contact-terminals for said subdivisions, and one or more brushes adapted to close-circuit two or more successive subdivisions.

9. An electric motor comprising two sets of electro-magnets Whose polar projections are located alternately around a common center and an armature inclosed by said electromagnets whose winding is subdivided, the subdivisions being provided with contact-terminals and one or more brushes in contact with said subdivisions.

10. An electric motor comprising primary and secondary field electro-magnets, rotating armature-coils divided into closed sub-circuits in inductive distance to both magnets, and means, such as brushes, for maintaining the said closed sub-circuits at a predetermined location in respect to said exciting-coils.

11. An alternating-current motor comprising primary and secondary exciting-coils, ro-- tating armature-coils, and means, such as brushes, for maintaining some of the armature-coils short-circuited at predetermined locations in respect to said exciting-coils.

12. An electric motor comprising one or more [ield electro-magnets, an armature provided with a winding included in a closed circuit, a commutator having its plates connected with different points in the length of the armature Winding, and one or more brushesapplied to said plates, each separate and independent of the other.

133. An alternating-current motor compris ing primary and secondary field-magnets, an armature-core providedwith a closed winding subdivided into coils and movable relatively to said magnets, and one or more electric conductors normally connecting the terminals of contiguous armature-coils.

14;. An alternating-current motor comprising primary and secondary field electro-magnets, an armature provided with a closed Winding subdivided into coils, and an electric conductor normally close-circuiting the terminals of contiguous armature-coils.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two Witnesses, this 26th day of February, 1890.

LUDWIG GUTMANN.

\Vitnesses:

HERMAN FRAEZER, WM. K. GRAY. 

